中华石油化工网 www.cnpec.net——歌颂石化 服务石化 奉献石化 发展石化

長期液化天然氣合同是天然氣市場的未來

   2022-07-22 互聯網綜合消息

131

核心提示:據油價網7月18日消息稱,幾年前,歐盟領導人心滿意足地坐下來,看著他們費盡心思打造的天然氣現貨市場,就

據油價網7月18日消息稱,幾年前,歐盟領導人心滿意足地坐下來,看著他們費盡心思打造的天然氣現貨市場,就像一臺運轉良好的機器。汽油很便宜,而且供應充足。然后,突然之間,事情發生了巨大的變化。現貨天然氣市場是歐盟最大的自豪之一,因為它試圖從產能大國手中奪取對自己能源供應的控制權。歐盟已經拒絕了與產能大國的天然氣長期交易,因為歐盟正在邁向可再生能源的未來,不希望承擔以固定價格購買產能大國天然氣的義務。歐盟認為,它不需要那么多天然氣。

然而,歐盟并不是唯一一個利用液化天然氣現貨市場靈活價格的國家。許多人都想,天然氣儲量豐富,價格低廉——至少在一段時間內,到處都是買方市場。一些認真的消費者,那些有長期天然氣消費計劃的人,仍然選擇長期合同,與現貨交易相比,長期合同的最大優勢也是它的最大缺點:價格。現在看來,這些認真的消費者是對的。

隨著全球天然氣需求的持續增長,新天然氣生產投資的減少、液化設施的交付周期長以及減排壓力越來越大,導致天然氣供應緊張。作為能源轉型的典范,歐洲驚恐地發現,它沒有足夠的風能和太陽能發電能力來取代天然氣的消耗——尤其是在風速較低和陽光較少的季節。

幾種因素的融合造成了類似于電影《世界末日》中的情節。事實上,歐洲天然氣市場的發展在許多方面都是災難性的:價格不斷刷新紀錄,隨著發電成本隨天然氣價格上漲,消費者的能源賬單正在無情地上漲,而發展中國家正被迫停電,因為歐洲正在搶奪現貨市場上的每一滴液化天然氣。

隨著這個全球最新的液化天然氣增長市場讓人們認識到,市場需要確保長期天然氣供應,長期合同正悄悄從現貨市場奪回地盤。

今年早些時候,法國Engie公司與美國NextDecade公司簽訂了一份長期液化天然氣供應協議,幾個月前該公司退出了合同,原因是法國政府擔心該公司的液化天然氣生產設施的碳排放足跡超標。

德國公用事業公司EnBW與Venture Global簽署了一份類似的長期液化天然氣供應協議,歐洲最大的經濟體迫切希望擺脫對產能天然氣的依賴,即使這意味著在所有氣候優先事項上都要做出180度的轉變。

這是整個歐盟的一個趨勢。澳大利亞正在經歷浮式再氣化裝置的短缺,因為它們被運往德國,而德國沒有固定的液化天然氣進口終端。但目前德國正在建設,而且速度很快。波蘭的液化天然氣終端正在滿負荷運轉。西班牙、英國和荷蘭正在以創紀錄的速度進口液化天然氣。

與此同時,隨著歐盟即將迎來可能是迄今為止最難熬的一個冬天,對建設更多液化天然氣進口基礎設施的呼吁也在加劇。在這種情況下,卡塔爾堅稱,渴望獲得卡塔爾液化天然氣的歐洲買家必須做出長期承諾,這有什么奇怪的嗎?

卡塔爾目前正在進行一項雄心勃勃的產能提升項目,該項目將使其每年出口1.1億噸過冷液化氣,高于目前約7000萬噸的產能。

像這樣的項目需要數十億美元的投資。事實上,North Field擴建耗資接近290億美元。這類巨額投資需要預期收益的穩定性作為保證,而長期承購交易正是這種保證。

能源轉型是長期液化天然氣合同重新流行起來的另一個原因。多年來,關注氣候變化的智庫一直警告說,隨著世界從石油和天然氣轉向石油和天然氣行業,石油和天然氣行業可能會背負數十億美元的擱淺資產。如今,石油和天然氣行業對自己的投資決策變得不信任和謹慎。長期承諾讓企業相信投資新天然氣生產是值得的。

不是每個人都喜歡這種場景。事實上,環保主義者非常不喜歡這種現狀。關于擱淺資產的警告并未消失。然而,現實情況是,即使是最雄心勃勃的過渡政府,比如德國當前的聯合政府,似乎也意識到能源安全比減排更重要。

即使是那些最堅定地要實現向可再生能源轉型的國家,也不得不注意到工業集團的警告:如果沒有天然氣,企業將被迫關閉,經濟最終將崩潰。他們已經開始通過簽訂長期液化天然氣供應合同來加強本國的能源安全,而他們不久前還在回避簽訂這些合同。

曹海斌 摘譯自 油價網

原文如下:

Long Term LNG Contracts Are The Future For Natural Gas Markets

Several years ago, the leaders of the European Union sat back contentedly and watched the spot market for the natural gas they had put so much effort into working like a well-oiled machine. Gas was cheap and there was plenty of it to go around. Then, all of a sudden, things changed dramatically. The spot gas market was one of the European Union's great points of pride as it sought to wrest control of its own energy supply from the larger producer . The EU had snubbed Gazprom's long-term deals, not wanting to get saddled with the obligation to buy he larger producer  gas at a certain locked-in price as it was moving towards a renewable energy future. It didn't need so much gas, the EU thought.

Yet the EU was not the only one taking advantage of flexible prices on the LNG spot market. Everyone was. Gas was abundant, and prices were low—it was a buyers' market all around, at least for a while. Some serious consumers, those who had long-term plans for gas consumption, still opted for long-term contracts, whose biggest advantage over spot deals is also its biggest drawback: the price. It now turns out these serious consumers were right.

A decline in investments in new gas production, long lead times on liquefaction facilities, and growing pressure on emission reduction collided to result in tight gas supply as demand continued to grow globally. Europe, the poster child of the energy transition, was horrified to learn it did not have enough wind and solar generation capacity to replace gas consumption—especially amid low wind speeds and during the less sunny seasons. 


The convergence of factors resembles a plot for an apocalyptic movie. Indeed, developments in the European gas market have been in many ways apocalyptic: prices have been breaking record after record, energy bills for consumers are rising inexorably as the cost of producing electricity rises with gas prices, and developing nations are being forced into blackouts because Europe is taking every drop of LNG that is available on the spot market.

Long-term contracts are quietly reclaiming territory from the spot market as the world's newest LNG growth market realizes it will need to secure long-term gas supplies.

French Engie earlier this year sealed a long-term LNG supply deal with U.S. NextDecade months after it walked out on the contract because the French government had concerns about the emissions footprint of the company's LNG production facility.

German utility EnBW signed a similarly long-term LNG supply deal with Venture Global, as Europe's biggest economy urgently seeks to wean itself off the larger producer  gas even if it means doing a U-turn on all its climate priorities.

This is a trend across the whole of the EU. Australia is experiencing a shortage of floating regasification units because they are being sent to Germany, which has zero stationary LNG import terminals. But it is building some, and fast. Poland's LNG terminal is operating at full capacity. Spain, the UK, and the Netherlands are importing LNG at record rates.

Calls for more LNG import infrastructure, meanwhile, are intensifying as the bloc inches closer to what may turn into one of its hardest winters yet. In this context, is it any wonder that Qatar has insisted that European buyers eager to get their hands on some Qatari LNG must make long-term commitments?

Qatar is currently in the middle of an ambitious capacity boost project that should allow it to export 110 million tons of superchilled liquefied gas annually, up from a current capacity of some 70 million tons.

Projects like this require billions in investments. Indeed, the North Field expansion has a price tag of close to $29 billion. This kind of investment needs guarantees it will not go to waste, and long-term offtake deals are just that kind of guarantee.

The energy transition is another reason long-term LNG contracts are back in fashion. After years of warnings from climate-focused think tanks that the oil and gas industry risks getting saddled with billions in stranded assets as the world moves on from oil and gas, that same oil and gas industry has become mistrustful and careful with its investment decisions. Long-term commitments are the way to convince companies investing in new gas production is worth it.

Not everyone likes it. Indeed, environmentalists very much dislike this current state of affairs. Warnings about stranded assets have not disappeared. The reality, however, is that even the most ambitious transition governments, such as Germany's current coalition, appear to have realized that energy security is more important than emission reduction.

Even those most determined to effect a transition to renewables have had to heed warnings from industrial groups saying that without gas, companies will have to shut down, and the economy will eventually collapse. And they have started working on boosting their countries' energy security through long-term LNG supply contracts that they shunned until just a while ago.



免責聲明:本網轉載自其它媒體的文章及圖片,目的在于弘揚石化精神,傳遞更多石化信息,宣傳國家石化產業政策,展示國家石化產業形象,參與國際石化產業輿論競爭,提高國際石化產業話語權,并不代表本網贊同其觀點和對其真實性負責,在此我們謹向原作者和原媒體致以崇高敬意。如果您認為本站文章及圖片侵犯了您的版權,請與我們聯系,我們將第一時間刪除。
 
 
更多>同類資訊
  • china
  • 沒有留下簽名~~
推薦圖文
推薦資訊
點擊排行
網站首頁  |  關于我們  |  聯系方式  |  使用說明  |  隱私政策  |  免責聲明  |  網站地圖  |   |  工信部粵ICP備05102027號

粵公網安備 44040202001354號

 
主站蜘蛛池模板: 真空泵维修保养-真空泵-真空泵油-真空泵过滤器-真空泵碳片-东莞市海扬真空设备有限公司 | 威学一百-专注国际学校择校备考-DSE-A-level-雅思-托福-OSSD-港澳台联考-AP-IGCSE-IB-AMC-多邻国-PTE-SAT-SSAT-小语种(如日语,韩语,德语,法语,西班牙语,意大利语,俄语,泰语)等考试培训,为出国留学学生提供个性化定制性学习方案,线下实体面授+线上网络课程, 提供一对一,小班课等多种班型 | 津成电线电缆价格,天津津成线缆,津成线缆销售电话,天津津成线缆批发电话-天津市津成电线电缆有限公司 | 重庆聚成达汽车有限公司-重庆吸污净化车 | 呼和浩特新华互联网电脑培训学校 | 阻抗分析仪 阻抗测试仪 介电常数测试仪 充电枪测试仪-苏州腾斯凯电子科技有限公司 | 西安外墙防水补漏-堵漏-防腐-保温工程公司-陕西宏图祥瑞实业有限公司 | 园林绿化平台|园林绿化网|苗木网|苗圃网||苗木报价网|园林招标网|园林苗木网|园林工程网|景观设计网|园林机械网|绿化苗木网| | 胶带批发,淄博胶带厂家-山东同力胶粘制品有限公司 | 金属雕花板厂家_外墙保温板_专业生产批发_山东百菲特 | 暖气片厂家_散热器厂家_力春散热器 | 球形钢支座,粘滞阻尼器,抗震球型钢支座,盆式橡胶支座,调谐质量阻尼器,屈曲约束支撑-衡水路泽科技 | 立式离心泵_不锈钢自吸泵_液下泵_变频无负压供水设备-大东海泵业无锡有限公司 | 污水处理控制系统设计_plc编程控制柜_电气成套设备生产厂家_合肥鸿昇自动化 | 做网站_网站建设_专业上海网站制作_网至普网站建设 | 直饮水设备-纯水设备-软化水设备 - 亿家清泉水处理设备厂家 | 南京企业宣传片制作,广告形象片,影视制作,宣传片拍摄,微电影拍摄制作公司 | 石家庄华龙鼎电动门,石家庄电动门电话,石家庄电动门配件,石家庄电动门维修电话,石家庄电动门安装电话,石家庄华龙电动门 | 思沃普智能会议预约管理系统-视频会议管理-信息发布-访客管理-会议运维-会议支持-工位管理系统 | 阻抗分析仪 阻抗测试仪 介电常数测试仪 充电枪测试仪-苏州腾斯凯电子科技有限公司 | 呼吸家官网|肺功能检测仪生产厂家|国产肺功能仪知名品牌|肺功能检测仪|肺功能测试仪|婴幼儿肺功能仪|弥散残气肺功能仪|肺功能测试系统|广州红象医疗科技有限公司|便携式肺功能仪|大肺功能仪|呼吸康复一体机|儿童肺功能仪|肺活量计|医用简易肺功能仪|呼吸康复系统|肺功能仪|弥散肺功能仪(大肺)|便携式肺功能检测仪|肺康复|呼吸肌力测定肺功能仪|肺功能测定仪|呼吸神经肌肉刺激仪|便携式肺功能 | 潍坊特钢集团有限公司 | 手游下载_app下载_好玩的手游下载_安卓市场下载_163下载 | 河南康振机械有限公司| 蒸汽流量计_涡轮流量计_涡街流量计_雷达液位计_污水流量计_分体式_大口径工业流量计-江苏长顺仪表 | 清扫器-聚氨酯清扫器-合金清扫器-四连杆自动纠偏-机械纠偏-锥辊纠偏-衡水涌泉机械科技有限公司 | 箱包定制_广州箱包厂_双肩电脑背包_双肩旅行包_拉杆箱包_商务公文包_包包批发,深圳爱自由,礼品箱包定制,电话:400-0061-690 | 太原石膏基自流平,太原轻质抹灰石膏,太原腻子粉,太原抗裂砂浆-太原乔贝建筑材料有限公司 | 生活污水处理工程安装承包-江苏富瑞源环境工程有限公司 | 武汉弹簧-污水厂弹簧-耐高温弹簧-武汉市伟锋弹簧厂 | 曙海培训-仿真培训Linux培训html5培单片机培训PCB培训python培训PLC培训C语言培训android培训物联网培训无线电培训欧姆龙培训工业机器人培训5G培训Hadoop培训CFD培训项目外包开发咨询 | 配重铁砂|合金钢丸|山东铁砂|济南嘉日金属制品有限公司 | 长春互联网运营值选星广传媒,长春短视频运营,长春新媒体运营,长春互联网运营,长春抖音运营,吉林视频号代运营,吉林快手代运营,短视频推广公司,公众号运营,微博运营,新媒体运营 | 家具板|橱柜衣柜家具板|木饰面定制|榉木胶合板|防水胶合板|胶合板厂家-佛山吉盛唐朝木业-大坂木业 | 西宁佳越信息科技发展有限公司- 西门子伺服电机维修_西门子变频器维修_西门子伺服驱动器维修_数控系统维修_PL维修-上海仰光电子 | 乌鲁木齐万疆通管道设备有限公司 销售热线;13565955557-新疆 乌鲁木齐 万疆通 管道设备 波纹补偿器 膨胀节 金属软管 伸缩器 管件 阀门 维修 | 四川杨氏达防水材料有限公司 | 气雾剂灌装机_二元喷雾灌装设备-武汉洁瑞仕 | 烟台金海药业有限公司 | 装修工程-钢结构工程-环氧地坪漆-东莞市远鸣装饰工程有限公司 | 汇讯WiseUC--连接人与业务,以即时通讯为基础的应用集成平台 |