據世界石油7月19日消息，全球最大的二氧化碳捕集與封存項目并沒有發揮應有的成效，這凸顯了石油公司在解決溫室氣體排放方面面臨的挑戰。

　　總部位于加州圣拉蒙的雪佛龍公司周一表示，該公司在澳大利亞價值540億美元的Gorgon液化天然氣出口工廠的系統未能實現當地政府將捕獲的二氧化碳注入地下的目標。這對全球能源公司來說是一個挫折，這些公司將其凈零期貨押注在該技術上，迄今為止這項技術取得的成效有限。

　　盡管自2019年8月該碳捕獲項目開始以來，雪佛龍已捕集了近500萬噸二氧化碳，但這尚未達到在液化天然氣設施運營的前五年捕獲平均80%排放量的目標。

　　雪佛龍澳大利亞公司董事總經理Mark Hatfield在一份聲明中表示:“雪佛龍正在與西澳大利亞監管機構合作，以彌補缺口。”

　　據石油行業出版物Boiling Cold周五報道，自2016年3月Gorgon開始生產天然氣以來，該公司僅封存了1500萬噸二氧化碳中的30%。

　　石油和天然氣生產商正指望碳捕集與封存(CCS)技術能夠取得成功，因為他們在降低排放方面受到了投資者和政府更嚴格的審查。據荷蘭皇家殼牌公司稱，為了限制全球變暖，需要在未來50年建造大約1萬個大型CCS設施。去年投入運營的還不到50家。

　　殼牌和埃克森美孚分別持有Gorgon液化天然氣項目 25%的股份，雪佛龍持有略高于47%的股份。

　　據Boiling Cold報道，Gorgon數十億美元的CCS項目一直受到技術問題的困擾，包括其壓力管理系統的問題。

　　雪佛龍的工廠并非按照行業標準將二氧化碳排放到大氣中，而是設計用于管理為液化天然氣設施提供燃料的海上油田產生的污染。當氣體被液化出口時，二氧化碳被泵入地下超過2公里的儲層。

　　西澳大利亞州政府堅持把CCS設施作為批準Gorgon項目的條件，Gorgon項目預計將運行40年。西澳大利亞州監管機構要求提供雪佛龍未能達成目標的詳細信息，西澳大利亞州環境部長Amber-Jade Sanderson正尋求與該公司會面。

　　西澳大利亞州“當前可持續能源”協會(Sustainable Energy Now)主席 Ian Porter表示:“對于任何押注CCS將實現凈零排放的石油和天然氣公司來說，Gorgon項目的失敗構成了一個重大問題。在所需的規模和價格上，CCS未起作用。”

　　裘寅 編譯自 世界石油

　　原文如下：

　　Chevron working to improve performance at world’s largest carbon capture project

　　The world’s biggest project to capture and store carbon dioxide isn’t working like it should, highlighting the challenges oil companies face in tackling their greenhouse gas emissions.

　　Chevron Corp.’s system at the $54 billion Gorgon liquefied natural gas export plant in Australia missed a local government target to inject captured carbon dioxide underground, the San Ramon, California-based company said Monday. That’s a setback for energy companies globally that have staked their net-zero futures on the technology, which has shown limited success to date.

　　While Chevron has sequestered almost 5 million tons of carbon dioxide since the capture project began in August 2019, that’s fallen short of a target to capture an average 80% of emissions in the first five years of the LNG facility’s operation.

　　“Chevron is working with the Western Australia regulator on making up the shortfall,” the company’s Australia Managing Director Mark Hatfield said in a statement.

　　The company has buried only 30% of about 15 million tons of CO2 generated since Gorgon began producing gas in March 2016, oil industry publication Boiling Cold reported Friday.

　　Oil and natural gas producers are counting on carbon capture, or CCS, to succeed as they come under greater scrutiny from investors and governments to lower emissions. To limit global warming, about 10,000 large CCS facilities need to be built over the next five decades, according to Royal Dutch Shell Plc. There were fewer than 50 in operation last year.

　　Shell and ExxonMobil Corp. each hold 25% of Gorgon LNG, while Chevron has just over 47%.

　　Gorgon’s multibillion-dollar CCS project has been beset with technical issues, including problems with its pressure management system, according to Boiling Cold.

　　Instead of venting the CO2 into the atmosphere, which is the industry norm, Chevron’s plant is designed to manage pollution that’s produced from the offshore fields that feed the LNG facility. As the gas is sent to be liquefied for export, the CO2 is pumped into a reservoir more than 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) underground.

　　Western Australia’s government insisted on the CCS facility as a condition for approving Gorgon, which is expected to run for four decades. The state’s regulator has requested details on why Chevron missed its target, and Western Australia’s Environment Minister Amber-Jade Sanderson is seeking a meeting with the company.

　　“Gorgon’s failure poses a major problem for any oil and gas company betting on CCS to meet net zero,” said Ian Porter, the chairperson of Sustainable Energy Now, WA. “CCS simply does not work at the scale and at the price needed.”

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