據(jù)今日油價(jià)網(wǎng)站5月20日消息 卡塔爾正在下調(diào)天然氣價(jià)格，并向亞洲現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張，以期保持其在液化天然氣出口方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。
根據(jù)彭博社引述匿名消息來(lái)源，卡塔爾已將優(yōu)先權(quán)從價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)移到市場(chǎng)份額，從而壓低了價(jià)格，并推動(dòng)了價(jià)值290億美元的產(chǎn)能擴(kuò)張，目標(biāo)是將液化天然氣出口增加50%。
報(bào)告稱(chēng)，通過(guò)這一戰(zhàn)略，卡塔爾將威脅世界其他地區(qū)新建液化天然氣產(chǎn)能項(xiàng)目的商業(yè)可行性。
幾年來(lái)，澳大利亞一直在緊逼卡塔爾，一度暫時(shí)超過(guò)卡塔爾，成為全球最大的液化天然氣出口國(guó)。美國(guó)也在增加其冷凍燃料的出口，上個(gè)月出口量幾乎與卡塔爾持平。
事實(shí)上，這樣做的原因是卡塔爾一家大型生產(chǎn)設(shè)施的維修，但這個(gè)海灣國(guó)家有理由感到受到新興競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的威脅。即便如此，其仍保留了一些主要的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
彭博社在報(bào)告中援引牛津能源研究所高級(jí)研究員Jonathan Stern的話(huà)報(bào)道稱(chēng)：“沒(méi)有人能與卡塔爾的成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。他們可以做任何他們喜歡的事情，對(duì)手都必須盡其所能進(jìn)行應(yīng)對(duì)。而且，特別是在市場(chǎng)過(guò)剩、價(jià)格低迷的情況下，這將影響競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的利潤(rùn)。”
然而，其他地方的一些液化天然氣供應(yīng)即使價(jià)格較低也仍然具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，比如俄羅斯諾瓦泰克的亞馬爾液化天然氣和美國(guó)切尼爾能源公司的產(chǎn)量。這是因?yàn)橘I(mǎi)家希望不必依賴(lài)單一的液化天然氣來(lái)源，并實(shí)現(xiàn)燃料來(lái)源的多樣化，以及美國(guó)生產(chǎn)商靈活的交貨條件和價(jià)格與原油基準(zhǔn)不再掛鉤的愿景。
王磊 摘譯自 今日油價(jià)
原文如下：
Qatar Cuts LNG Prices And Expands Into Asian Spot Market
Qatar is cutting prices for its gas and expanding into the Asian spot market as it seeks to maintain its number-one position in exports of liquefied natural gas.
According to unnamed sources cited by Bloomberg, the country has shifted its priority from prices to market share, hence the price undercutting and the push ahead with a production capacity expansion worth $29 billion. The goal is to increase LNG exports by 50 percent.
With this strategy, Qatar threatens the commercial viability of new LNG production capacity projects in the rest of the world, according to the report.
Australia has been breathing down Qatar’s neck for a couple of years now, at one point temporarily overtaking it as the world’s largest LNG exporter. The United States is also boosting its exports of the superchilled fuel. Last month exported almost as much as Qatar.
In truth, the reason for this was maintenance at a big production facility in Qatar, but the Gulf nation has reason to feel threatened by emerging competitors. Even so, it retains some major advantages over this competition.
“Nobody can compete with Qatari costs,” according to Jonathan Stern, a senior research fellow at the Oxford Institute of Energy Studies, as quoted by Bloomberg in its report. “They can do whatever they like and everybody will have to respond the way they can. And, especially when the market is in surplus and prices are low, that will impact the competition’s profits.”
Yet some LNG supply elsewhere remains competitive even at lower prices, such as Russian Novatek’s Yamal LNG and U.S. Cheniere Energy’s output. This is because of buyers’ desire to not have to rely on a single source of LNG and diversify their sources of the fuel, and because of U.S. producers’ flexible delivery terms and the fact that their prices are not tied to crude oil benchmarks.
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