據(jù)The Energy Year網(wǎng)站4月25日報道，阿聯(lián)酋正致力于成為未來氫經(jīng)濟(jì)的國際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，據(jù)估計(jì)，未來氫經(jīng)濟(jì)的市場潛力為11萬億美元。隨著阿布扎比國家石油公司（ADNOC）和阿聯(lián)酋清潔能源開發(fā)商馬斯達(dá)爾（Masdar）發(fā)揮核心作用，以及2021年初達(dá)成的一系列氫協(xié)議，該國的長期氫戰(zhàn)略正在形成。

　　據(jù)氫能源理事會(Hydrogen Council)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，30多個國家已經(jīng)制定了氫能源發(fā)展規(guī)劃，截至今年2月，整個價值鏈已宣布了228個大規(guī)模氫能源項(xiàng)目，其中85%位于歐洲、亞洲和澳大利亞。這意味著到2030年多達(dá)3000億美元的投資，其中800億美元可被視為成熟投資。

　　全球范圍內(nèi)氫年產(chǎn)量已達(dá)到7000萬噸，其中96%來自化石燃料的蒸汽重整。這種所謂的灰色氫每年的碳足跡為8.3億噸，每公斤成本約為1美元。“藍(lán)氫”是一項(xiàng)正在開發(fā)的技術(shù)，其利用碳捕獲和存儲技術(shù)從“灰氫”中去除約50-70%的二氧化碳排放，每公斤成本至少為2美元。

　　另一方面，綠色氫是由使用可再生能源的電解產(chǎn)生的，目前每公斤的成本至少為4美元。當(dāng)燃燒時，只產(chǎn)生氧氣作為副產(chǎn)品。

　　綠色氫獲得了最大的興趣和動力，因?yàn)槠?6%的成本來自為電解槽提供動力的電力，所以風(fēng)能和太陽能成本的持續(xù)快速下降將使這一選擇在未來變得更便宜。其余14%的成本來自電解槽，到2030年，電解槽的成本還將下降60-90%，尤其得益于亞洲最大國家的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。

　　這些經(jīng)濟(jì)因素推動氫成為幫助世界實(shí)現(xiàn)巴黎協(xié)定目標(biāo)的有價值的替代能源。國際可再生能源機(jī)構(gòu)總干事弗朗西斯科·拉卡邁(Francesco La Camera)在接受《能源年》(the Energy Year)采訪時表示，我們相信，到2050年，氫將發(fā)揮重要作用。他指出，投資者和政府對氫市場份額的青睞日益劇增。

　　此外，氫目前被視為實(shí)現(xiàn)能源密集型行業(yè)（如長途運(yùn)輸、航空、航運(yùn)）和重工業(yè)（如鋼鐵、冶煉廠、鋁和石化等）脫碳的最佳解決方案。一個原因是其每單位質(zhì)量儲存的能量是傳統(tǒng)汽油的三倍。

　　郝芬 譯自 The Energy Year

　　原文如下：

　　The hydrogen future takes shape in the UAE

　　The UAE is positioning itself to become an international leader in the future hydrogen economy, which has an estimated USD 11-trillion market potential. With ADNOC and Masdar taking central roles and a series of hydrogen agreements made in early 2021, the country’s long-term hydrogen strategy is taking shape.

　　According to the Hydrogen Council, more than 30 countries have hydrogen roadmaps and as of February, there were 228 large-scale hydrogen projects announced across the value chain, with 85% of those located in Europe, Asia and Australia. These represent a USD 300-billion investment up to 2030, of which USD 80 billion can be considered mature.

　　Worldwide production of hydrogen has already reached 70 million tonnes per year, 96% of which is produced from steam reformation of fossil fuels. This so-called grey hydrogen has a carbon footprint of 830 million tonnes per year and costs about USD 1 per kilogram. Blue hydrogen, a technology under development, uses carbon capture and storage to remove around 50-70% of the CO2 emissions from grey hydrogen and costs at least USD 2 per kilogram.

　　On the other hand, green hydrogen is produced by electrolysers running off renewable energy and currently costs at least USD 4 per kilogram. When combusted, it produces only oxygen as a byproduct.

　　Green hydrogen has garnered the most interest and momentum since 86% of its cost comes from the electricity to power the electrolysers, so the continuous and rapid decline of the costs of wind and solar power is set to make this option cheaper in the future. The remaining 14% of the cost comes from the electrolysers, whose costs are also set to decline by 60-90% by 2030, particularly thanks to mass production in the biggest country in Asia.

　　These economic factors are pushing hydrogen as a valuable alternative for assisting the world in reaching the Paris Agreement targets. “We believe that hydrogen will play a significant role by 2050,” Francesco La Camera, director-general of the International Renewable Energy Agency, told The Energy Year, citing “growing investor and government appetite” for s share in the hydrogen market.

　　Moreover, hydrogen is now seen as the best solution to decarbonise energy-intensive sectors such as long-haul transportation, aviation, shipping and heavy industries such as steel, smelters, aluminium and petrochemicals. One reason is that it stores three times as much energy per unit of mass than conventional petrol.

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