據國際商業時報4月14日報道，國際能源署（IEA）周三表示，隨著世界經濟開始從新冠肺炎疫情中復蘇，加上歐佩克及其盟友限制產量，全球石油市場的供應過剩狀況正在緩解。

　　國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)上調了今年全球經濟增長預期后，IEA也上調了對石油需求復蘇的預期。并表示:“市場前景的改善，加上更強勁的即時指標，促使我們上調了2021年全球石油需求增長預期。”

　　IEA預計，繼去年下降870萬桶/天之后，全球石油需求將增加570萬桶/天，至9670萬桶/天。歐佩克于周二，將2021年的需求預期上調至每日9650萬桶。

　　去年，由于許多國家為了減緩疫情的傳播而關閉了大量經濟，石油需求受到重創。這導致了供應過剩，但包括重量級產油國俄羅斯在內的歐佩克+國家選擇大幅減產，以應對油價下跌。要知道，油價曾一度暴跌至負值。

　　不過，這種供過于求的局面似乎已經改變。

　　IEA表示，初步數據顯示，經合組織石油庫存在連續7個月下降后，3月份基本保持穩定，正接近5年平均水平。

　　自今年初以來，歐佩克+一直在緩慢增加產量，并在4月初表示，面對預期的需求增長，它將在未來三個月將產量提高逾200萬桶/天。

　　雖然第一季度的市場表現有些令人失望，因為許多歐洲和幾個主要新興經濟體的疫情再次抬頭，但隨著疫苗接種運動開始產生影響，全球需求增長預計將加快。

　　IEA認為，全球石油市場在今年下半年將發生巨大變化，可能需要增加近200萬桶/天的供應，才能滿足預期的需求增長。但由于歐佩克+仍有大量的額外產能可以恢復，IEA并不認為供應緊張會進一步加劇。

　　該組織表示:“歐元區每月對供應量的校準可能使其石油供應具備靈活性，以滿足不斷增長的需求。若未能及時跟上需求復蘇步伐，可迅速增加供應，或下調產出。”

　　王佳晶 摘譯自 國際商業時報

　　原文如下：

　　IEA: Goodbye Oil Glut Thanks To OPEC+ And Recovery

　　A glut in global oil markets is being worked off as the world economy begins to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic and as OPEC and its allies restrain production, the IEA said Wednesday.

　　The International Energy Agency raised its expectations for the recovery in oil demand after the International Monetary Fund increased its forecasts for global growth this year.

　　"This improved outlook, along with stronger prompt indicators, has led us to revise up our 2021 global oil demand growth forecast," said the Paris-based body with advised oil consuming nations.

　　It now expects world oil demand to rise by 5.7 million barrels per day (mbd) to 96.7 mbd, following last year's drop of 8.7 mbd.

　　The OPEC oil cartel on Tuesday also raised its 2021 demand forecast to 96.5 mbd.

　　Oil demand was hammered last year as many countries shut down swathes of their economies in a bid to slow the spread of Covid-19.

　　That caused a glut in supplies, but the so-called OPEC+ group that includes heavyweight producer Russia, sharply cut output last year to reduce that and counter the plunge in prices that briefly saw some turn negative as storage ran short.

　　That glut appears to have been largely worked off.

　　The IEA said preliminary data suggest that OECD oil stocks held largely steady in March, following seven consecutive months of draws, and were heading close to their five-year average.

　　OPEC+ has been slowly increasing output since the beginning of the year and at the beginning of April signalled it would lift output by more than 2 mbd in the coming three months in the face of an expected rise in demand.

　　While the first quarter was somewhat disappointing as many European and several major emerging economies saw a resurgence of Covid-19, global growth is expected to pick up as vaccination campaigns begin to have an impact.

　　IEA sees the global oil market changing "dramatically in the latter half of this year as nearly 2 mbd of extra supply may be required to meet expected demand growth."

　　But with OPEC+ still having plenty of additional production capacity that it can bring back on line, the IEA does not see a supply crunch developing.

　　"The bloc's monthly calibration of supply may give it the flexibility to meet incremental demand by ramping up swiftly or adjusting output lower should the demand recovery fail to keep pace," it said.

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