???? 據(jù)彭博新聞社2021年3月25日休斯敦報(bào)道，美國(guó)達(dá)拉斯聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行日前進(jìn)行的最新調(diào)查的結(jié)果顯示，由于在去年原油價(jià)格出現(xiàn)歷史性暴跌以后鉆井活動(dòng)開(kāi)始增加，美國(guó)頁(yè)巖勘探公司開(kāi)始看到頁(yè)巖成本上升的跡象。
????近100家美國(guó)頁(yè)巖生產(chǎn)商的高管們?cè)谶_(dá)拉斯聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行舉辦的最新季度調(diào)查中表示，要想有利地鉆一口新井需要的油價(jià)是每桶52美元。與去年此時(shí)相比，這個(gè)數(shù)字增長(zhǎng)了6%。為了彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有井的成本，頁(yè)巖勘探公司需要每桶31美元的油價(jià)，這比去年增加了3%。3月24日，西德克薩斯中質(zhì)原油期貨價(jià)格約為每桶60美元。
????盡管在向股東返還現(xiàn)金的壓力下，美國(guó)頁(yè)巖勘探公司誓言要保持克制，但由于油價(jià)在去年新冠肺炎疫情大流行導(dǎo)致的需求崩潰以后反彈，頁(yè)巖盆地正在重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)。由于油田服務(wù)巨頭斯倫貝謝公司、貝克休斯公司和哈里伯頓公司將重心轉(zhuǎn)向海外市場(chǎng)，美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)鉆井和完井的承包商數(shù)量減少，鉆井活動(dòng)也隨之增加。
????達(dá)拉斯聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行周三發(fā)布的報(bào)告引用了一名身份不明的調(diào)查受訪者的話說(shuō)，“過(guò)去一年供應(yīng)商和其他服務(wù)的流失將導(dǎo)致鉆井作業(yè)無(wú)法及時(shí)完成”。
????在接受調(diào)查的油田服務(wù)高管中，超過(guò)四分之三的高管表示，他們預(yù)計(jì)今年油田服務(wù)的價(jià)格將會(huì)上漲。盡管過(guò)去幾個(gè)月在用鉆機(jī)數(shù)一直在穩(wěn)步恢復(fù)，但迄今仍只有去年年初水平的一半左右。
????報(bào)告稱，在連續(xù)7個(gè)季度出現(xiàn)裁員的負(fù)面數(shù)據(jù)后，達(dá)拉斯聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行的就業(yè)指數(shù)在今年第一季度轉(zhuǎn)為正值，這主要是受油田服務(wù)公司的推動(dòng)。
????李峻 編譯自 彭博新聞社
????原文如下：
????Poll Shows Uptick in Shale Costs
????Explorers in the U.S. shale patch are starting to see signs of higher costs as drilling begins to ramp up after last year’s historic crude crash, according to the latest poll conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
????The oil price needed to profitably drill a new well is $52 a barrel, executives from almost 100 producers said in the bank’s latest quarterly survey. That’s an increase of 6%, compared with when the question was asked last year. To cover costs on existing wells, companies need $31, which is 3% more than than last year. West Texas Intermediate crude futures traded at about $60 on Wednesday.
????Though explorers have vowed restraint amid pressure to return cash to shareholders, shale basins are rumbling back to life as oil prices rebound after last year’s pandemic-driven collapse in demand. The activity boost comes as oilfield service giants Schlumberger, Baker Hughes Co. and Halliburton Co. are pivoting toward greater growth abroad, leaving fewer contractors to drill and complete U.S. wells.
????“The loss of suppliers and other services this past year will cause problems in being able to get work accomplished in a timely manner,” an unidentified survey respondent was quoted as saying in the report published Wednesday.
????More than three quarters of oilfield service executives surveyed said they expect pricing for their work to increase this year. While drilling-rig use has been steadily recovering over the past few months, it remains at roughly half the level seen at the start of last year.
????After seven straight quarters of negative readings that indicated cuts to headcount, the Dallas Fed’s employment index turned positive in the first three months of the year, driven primarily by oilfield service firms, according to the report.
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